hidden brain transcript

We'll be back momentarily. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. And, I mean, just in terms of even sounds changing and the way that you put words together changing bit by bit, and there's never been a language that didn't do that. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. BORODITSKY: It's certainly possible. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. So they've compared gender equality, gender parity norms from the World Health Organization, which ranks countries on how equal access to education, how equal pay is, how equal representation in government is across the genders. Parents and peers influence our major life choices, but they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. Hidden Brain - Transcripts Hidden Brain - Transcripts Subscribe 435 episodes Share Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #7: (Speaking foreign language). They know which way is which. I'm Shankar Vedanta. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? We'd say, oh, well, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales or whatever. That's how much cultural heritage is lost. podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9rd1djMGxoZg==, open.spotify.com/show/20Gf4IAauFrfj7RBkjcWxh. We use a lot of music on the show! So there are these wonderful studies by Alexander Giora where he asked kids learning Finnish, English and Hebrew as their first languages basically, are you a boy or a girl? This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? I said, you know, this weird thing happened. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. Special thanks to Adam Cole, who wrote and performed our rendition of "The Hokey Pokey." In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? Read the episode transcript. For example, if you take seeds and put them in the ground, that's one thing. Thank you! We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. You may link to our content and copy and paste episode descriptions and Additional Resources into your invitations. I know-uh (ph) is there, or something along the lines of babe-uh (ph). The categorization that language provides to you becomes real, becomes psychologically real. Lera, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. This is Hidden Brain. FDA blocks human trials for Neuralink brain implants. VEDANTAM: I asked Lera how describing the word chair or the word bridge as masculine or feminine changes the way that speakers of different languages think about those concepts. You can't smell or taste time. MCWHORTER: Exactly. You-uh (ph). Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? And, I mean, really, it sounds exactly like that. So the question for us has been, how do we build these ideas? It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Today's episode was the first in our You 2.0 series, which runs all this month. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. When we come back, I'm going to ask you about why languages change and whether there are hidden rules that shape why some words are more likely to evolve than others. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? It's not something that you typically go out trying to do intentionally. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important new term. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. John, you've noted that humans have been using language for a very long time, but for most of that time language has been about talking. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. Thank you for helping to keep the podcast database up to date. BORODITSKY: Well, you would be at sea at first. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. BORODITSKY: I had this wonderful opportunity to work with my colleague Alice Gaby in this community called Pormpuraaw in - on Cape York. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #10: (Speaking Russian). Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. For example, when we started talking about navigation, that's an example where a 5-year-old in a culture that uses words like north, south, east and west can point southeast without hesitation. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. But I don't think that it's always clear to us that language has to change in that things are going to come in that we're going to hear as intrusions or as irritating or as mistakes, despite the fact that that's how you get from, say, old Persian to modern Persian. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air Bu BORODITSKY: Yeah, that's true. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. If you liked . Just saying hello was difficult. And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. When the con was exposed, its victims defended the con artists. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. We post open positions (including internships) on our jobs page. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? I'm Shankar Vedantam. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. Language is something that's spoken, and spoken language especially always keeps changing. (Speaking Japanese). You can support Hidden Brain indirectly by giving to your local NPR station, or you can provide direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. You may also use the Hidden Brain name in invitations sent to a small group of personal contacts for such purposes as a listening club or discussion forum. VEDANTAM: One of the points you make in the book of course is that the evolution of words and their meanings is what gives us this flowering of hundreds or thousands of languages. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. And it ended up becoming less a direct reflection of hearty laughter than an indication of the kind of almost subconscious laughter that we do in any kind of conversation that's meant as friendly. Stay with us. But actually, that's exactly how people in those communities come to stay oriented - is that they learn it, (laughter) right? VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. podcast pages. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. That is exactly why you should say fewer books instead of less books in some situations and, yes, Billy and I went to the store rather than the perfectly natural Billy and me went to the store. It can be almost counterintuitive to listen to how much giggling and laughing you do in ordinary - actually rather plain exchanges with people. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. He. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. You can't touch time. This week on Hidden Brain, we explore how unconscious bias can infect a culture and how a police shooting may say as much about a community as it does about individuals. So we've done a lot of studies looking at how speakers of Spanish and German and Russian actually think about objects that have opposite grammatical genders. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. She once visited an aboriginal community in northern Australia and found the language they spoke forced her mind to work in new ways. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: (Speaking foreign language). If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. Hidden Brain Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking foreign language). And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. We couldnt survive without the many public radio stations that support our show and they cant survive without you. We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment. Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Mike Prentice, and Evgeny Osin, Journal of Research in Personality, 2019. Hidden Brain. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. Imagine this. Later things are on the right. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". And so for example, if the word chair is masculine in your language, why is that? And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. VEDANTAM: One of the things I found really interesting is that the evolution of words and language is constant. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. And we looked at every personification and allegory in Artstor and asked, does the language that you speak matter for how you paint death, depending on whether the word death is masculine or feminine in your language? And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. And when I listen to people having their peeves, I don't think, stop it. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. You know, there's no left leg or right leg. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. They believe that their language reflects the true structure of the world. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. And he started by asking Russian-speaking students to personify days of the week. Language was talk. BORODITSKY: And Russian is a language that has grammatical gender, and different days of the week have different genders for some reason. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often untranslatable. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. And I did that. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. MCWHORTER: Those are called contronyms, and literally has become a new contronym. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Time now for "My Unsung Hero," our series from the team at Hidden Brain telling the stories of . And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. I had this cool experience when I was there. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

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